Deep vein thrombosis: main symptoms and risk factors

Deep vein thrombosis: main symptoms and risk factors

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious medical condition characterized by the formation of blood clots (thrombi) in the deep veins, most often in the legs. These clots can disrupt normal blood flow and, in the worst case scenario, lead to dangerous complications such as pulmonary embolism, when the blood clot travels to the lungs. It is important to know the symptoms of this disease, because timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious consequences.

The main symptoms of deep vein thrombosis

The most common symptoms of deep vein thrombosis are swelling, pain, and skin discoloration. The first and most characteristic symptom is swelling in the limb, usually in the leg, where the blood clot forms. In the initial stages, the swelling may be moderate, but it worsens over time, especially if you do not seek medical attention.

The second important sign is pain. DVT pain usually occurs in the area below the knee or in the calf muscles. Sufferers describe the pain as dull or burning, which worsens with movement or pressure on the affected area. It is important to note that the pain may not be very strong in the initial stages, which makes the diagnosis of the disease more difficult.

The third symptom that indicates the presence of thrombosis is a change in the color of the skin at the site of thrombus formation. The skin may become red or bluish, especially if the clot is blocking blood flow in the veins. In some cases, there may also be a feeling of warmth in the affected area.

Risk factors for the development of DVT

Deep vein thrombosis can develop as a result of various factors. The most common are prolonged stays in a stationary position, for example, during long trips or after operations. People who cannot move due to injury or disability are at increased risk.

Other risk factors include obesity, smoking, chronic diseases such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease, and pregnancy. Pregnant women have an increased risk of developing DVT due to changes in the hormonal background and increased pressure on blood vessels as a result of fetal growth.

The importance of timely consultation with a doctor

If you notice any of the listed symptoms, do not delay a visit to the doctor. Early detection of deep vein thrombosis can significantly reduce the risk of complications. The doctor may order the necessary examinations, such as an ultrasound examination of the veins, to confirm the diagnosis.

If the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment may include the use of anticoagulants (medicines that reduce blood clotting) and, in more severe cases, surgery to remove the blood clot. It is important to follow the doctor's recommendations and not stop treatment without consultation.

Prevention of deep vein thrombosis

Prevention is a key element in the fight against deep vein thrombosis. To reduce the risk of developing the disease, it is important to maintain an active lifestyle, avoid long periods of sitting or standing without movement. It is also recommended to wear compression stockings to maintain normal blood circulation, especially for people who are at increased risk.

Regular exercise, weight control, and quitting smoking will help reduce the risk of developing DVT. In the case of long journeys, it is important to take breaks for warm-up and movement to prevent blood stagnation in the legs.

Deep vein thrombosis is a serious disease that requires attention and timely treatment. Knowing the main symptoms and risk factors can help detect the disease in the early stages and avoid serious complications. If you notice swelling, pain, or discoloration of the skin on your legs, see your doctor. Proper prevention and an active lifestyle will help reduce the risk of developing this dangerous disease.