Endometrial hyperplasia: what you need to know about this pathology

Endometrial hyperplasia: what you need to know about this pathology

Endometrial hyperplasia is a disorder characterized by abnormal and excessive growth of the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. This condition occurs due to an imbalance of hormones, in particular an excess of estrogen with an insufficient amount of progesterone. This hormonal imbalance causes the endometrial cells to begin to actively divide, causing the tissue to thicken.

Hyperplasia most often occurs in women during the perimenopause or after menopause, when hormone levels in the body undergo significant changes. However, this pathology can also occur in women of reproductive age, especially if there are risk factors such as obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes, or long-term use of estrogen-containing drugs without progesterone.

The main symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia are menstrual irregularities, excessively heavy or prolonged menstruation, as well as spotting between periods or after menopause. In some cases, the pathology may be asymptomatic and is detected only during a routine gynecological examination or pelvic ultrasound.

Endometrial hyperplasia is divided into several types depending on the structure of the cells - simple, complex, with and without atypia. Atypical hyperplasia is of greatest concern, as it can transform into endometrial cancer. That is why timely diagnosis and treatment are of critical importance to prevent serious consequences.

Diagnostics of this condition includes a gynecological examination, transvaginal ultrasound, as well as hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, which allows you to assess the condition of the mucous membrane cells. Treatment depends on the type of hyperplasia, the patient's age, concomitant diseases and her reproductive plans. In uncomplicated cases, hormonal drugs, in particular progestins, can be used. In some situations, especially with an atypical form or high risk of oncological pathology, surgical intervention, including hysterectomy, is recommended.

Endometrial hyperplasia is not a death sentence, but it requires careful monitoring and timely treatment. It is important for women to undergo regular gynecological examinations, especially if they have risk factors or alarming symptoms. Early diagnosis significantly increases the chances of a full recovery and preservation of reproductive health.